Origin:
Native to Europe, but naturalized and now found commonly throughout the United States and southern Canada.
Biology:
Perennial weeds that will re-grow from the crowns and roots. In mild climates the basal leaves will remain, but in colder climates the foliage dies back. While plants re-grow from the roots, the reproduction is by seeds that germinate in late spring through mid-summer, and in early fall. Plants prefer moist, nutrient-rich soils, but are tolerant of any landscape habitat and commonly are found in dry, compacted soils. They also tolerate close mowing and are a serious turf weed pest.
Identification:
Mature plants have leaves forming as a basal rosette, and leaves are very broad, fleshy, and smooth or slightly hairy. Leaves may grow to 7 inches long and have a wide, flattened petiole. Plants are quite variable, including one form with narrow leaves. Flower spikes form during the summer as long scapes with the tiny flowers clustered along their length. Spikes are erect, but in turf settings may adapt to a more lateral, prostrate habit.
Characteristicts Important to Control:
This is a perennial weed that can re-grow from the short taproot.
